Briefly, how does a neuron function? How is the computation of information achieved in a single neuron?

Briefly, how does a neuron function? How is the computation of information achieved in a single neuron?

If excitation exceeds a threshold, a action potential is generated and travels down the axon. Upon reaching the end of the axon, a neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic gap, which separates the end of an axon from the dedrite or cell body of another neuron. Action potentials remain constant in shape and height, but the firing rate is characterized by the intensity of the stimulus.